Certified Wound Ostomy Nurse (CWON) Practice Test

What are some signs and symptoms of nutritional deficits?

1. Muscle and subQ tissue wasting

2. Increased elasticity of the skin

3. Development of new blood vessels

4. Improved hair growth and strength

The correct answer is: Muscle and subQ tissue wasting

Muscle and subcutaneous tissue wasting is a key sign of nutritional deficits. When the body lacks essential nutrients, it begins to break down muscle and fat stores to meet its energy and metabolic needs. This process can result in visible weight loss and a decrease in muscle mass, which are critical indicators of malnutrition. These changes often impact strength and physical performance negatively, leading to further complications. The other options describe conditions or changes that are typically associated with good nutrition rather than deficits. Increased elasticity of the skin, for example, is a sign of adequate hydration and nutrition, particularly involving proteins and vitamins that support skin health. The development of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) is often seen in healing and regeneration processes, typically stimulated by proper nutrient availability. Similarly, improved hair growth and strength indicate good nutritional status, particularly involving proteins and essential fatty acids, as well as vitamins and minerals like biotin and zinc. Thus, the presence of muscle and subcutaneous tissue wasting serves as a definitive marker for nutritional deficiencies.