Certified Wound Ostomy Nurse (CWON) Practice Test

What do calluses typically form in response to?

1. Excessive moisture

2. Repeated friction and pressure

3. Genetic predisposition

4. Infections

The correct answer is: Repeated friction and pressure

Calluses typically form in response to repeated friction and pressure. This protective response of the skin develops as a thickened area, particularly on hands or feet, where the skin is subjected to consistent rubbing or pressure from various activities such as walking, running, or using hand tools. The body recognizes this mechanical stress and responds by increasing the production of skin cells in that area to enhance protection and resilience, resulting in the formation of a callus. In contrast, excessive moisture can lead to other skin issues, like maceration, rather than a callus. Genetic predisposition may influence skin characteristics or susceptibility to certain skin conditions, but it does not directly cause the formation of calluses. Infections can lead to skin breakdown or other complications but are not a factor in the development of calluses. Therefore, the development of calluses is most accurately associated with environments where friction and pressure are present over time, prompting the skin to build up a protective layer.