Certified Wound Ostomy Nurse (CWON) Practice Test

What does "free border" refer to in nail anatomy?

1. The base of the nail

2. The top edge of the nail plate

3. The area of nail growth

4. The skin surrounding the nail

The correct answer is: The top edge of the nail plate

The term "free border" in nail anatomy specifically refers to the top edge of the nail plate that extends beyond the fingertips. This area is crucial because it provides the structural integrity of the nail and plays a role in protecting the delicate tissues of the fingertip. The free border is also the part of the nail that can be seen sticking out and is commonly subject to damage, wear, or aesthetic alterations such as trimming or polishing. Understanding this aspect of nail anatomy is essential for wound and ostomy nurses, particularly when assessing nail health and related conditions. The base of the nail is referred to as the "nail matrix," from which the nail grows, while the surrounding skin is known as the perionychium, which provides protection and support for the nail as it grows. The area of nail growth corresponds to the nail matrix located beneath the cuticle at the base of the nail, which contributes to the nail's formation and overall health. Recognizing these distinct areas of nail anatomy aids in comprehensive assessments in clinical practice.