Certified Wound Ostomy Nurse (CWON) Practice Test

What does the nail plate consist of?

1. Soft tissue

2. Three layers of keratinized cells

3. Only the outer layer of keratinized cells

4. A single layer of epithelial cells

The correct answer is: Three layers of keratinized cells

The nail plate consists of three layers of keratinized cells, which are tightly packed and provide the structure and durability of the nail. This keratinization process involves the transformation of living cells into a tough, protective material that forms the visible nail. The presence of multiple layers enhances the strength and resilience of the nail plate, allowing it to withstand everyday wear and tear. In contrast, soft tissue does not have the same protective and structural qualities as the keratinized layers in the nail plate. The other options, which refer to one or fewer layers of keratinized cells or a single layer of epithelial cells, do not accurately reflect the complexity and organization of the nail structure. The three-layer composition is critical for various functions, including protection of the distal phalanx, enhancement of fine touch, and aiding in gripping and manipulating objects. Understanding this layered structure is essential for recognizing nail health and pathology in clinical practice.