Certified Wound Ostomy Nurse (CWON) Practice Test

What does the structure of the nail plate primarily consist of?

1. Non-keratinized cells

2. Keratinized cells

3. Muscle tissue

4. Cartilage

The correct answer is: Keratinized cells

The structure of the nail plate primarily consists of keratinized cells. The nail plate itself is created from tightly packed layers of keratin, a type of fibrous protein that is a primary component of the outer layer of the skin, hair, and nails. This keratinization process occurs as new cells generated in the nail matrix move outward and die, forming the hard, protective covering that characterizes the nail plate. Keratin provides both strength and durability to the nail, allowing it to withstand various environmental factors and stresses. This structural composition is essential for the overall function of the nails, which is to protect the distal phalanx and enhance the sensory functions of the fingertips. Other options describe components that do not make up the nail plate. Non-keratinized cells are found in some mucous membranes but do not form the hard structure of the nail. Muscle tissue is involved in movement but is not a constituent of the nail. Likewise, cartilage is a flexible connective tissue found in joints and does not play a role in the makeup of the nail structure.