Certified Wound Ostomy Nurse (CWON) Practice Test

What is the initial approach for treating extravasation related to pressor agents like dopamine?

1. Start subcutaneous infusion immediately

2. Administer antidotes like phentolamine

3. Increase the dose of the pressor

4. Use topical astringents

The correct answer is: Administer antidotes like phentolamine

The initial approach for treating extravasation related to pressor agents such as dopamine is to administer antidotes like phentolamine. When extravasation occurs, it is critical to counteract the vasoconstrictive effects of the pressor agent to minimize tissue damage and promote vasodilation at the site of infiltration. Phentolamine is an alpha-adrenergic antagonist that effectively dilates blood vessels, helping to alleviate the tissue ischemia caused by the extravasation of pressor agents. Using this antidote promptly can significantly reduce the risk of necrosis or other serious complications associated with the extravasation. Failing to counteract the effects of the pressor agent can lead to severe tissue injury, which is why administering phentolamine is a priority. Other approaches, such as starting a subcutaneous infusion or using topical astringents, would not directly address the underlying issue of vasoconstriction caused by the extravasated agent. Increasing the dose of the pressor would exacerbate the problem rather than alleviate it, potentially worsening the extravasation and its consequences.