Certified Wound Ostomy Nurse (CWON) Practice Test

What role does oxygen free radicals play in the development of pressure injuries?

1. They promote tissue repair

2. They damage vessel endothelial lining

3. They increase blood flow

4. They facilitate healing

The correct answer is: They damage vessel endothelial lining

Oxygen free radicals are highly reactive molecules that can cause significant damage to cells and tissues. In the context of pressure injuries, they play a critical role in the pathophysiological changes that occur when tissues are subjected to ischemia and subsequent reperfusion injury. When pressure is applied to a certain area of the body, it can restrict blood flow, leading to a lack of oxygen (hypoxia) in the tissues. Once the pressure is relieved, the sudden restoration of blood flow can lead to an overproduction of oxygen free radicals. These molecules contribute to the damage of the endothelial lining of blood vessels, which can compromise the integrity of the vascular system, leading to increased permeability, inflammation, and further ischemic injury. Understanding the role of oxygen free radicals is essential for wound care professionals. By recognizing their damaging effects on tissue and the vasculature, strategies can be developed to mitigate this damage and improve patient outcomes in those at risk for pressure injuries.