Certified Wound Ostomy Nurse (CWON) Practice Test

Which comorbidity is most likely to compromise wound healing?

1. Diabetes

2. Renal failure

3. Asthma

4. Hypertension

The correct answer is: Renal failure

The identification of renal failure as a significant factor that can compromise wound healing is based on how renal impairment affects various physiological processes necessary for proper healing. In patients with renal failure, the body has an increased difficulty in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, which is critical for cellular function and repair. The kidneys also play a crucial role in the elimination of waste products; when their function is compromised, there can be an accumulation of toxins in the body that can further impede the healing process. Moreover, renal failure may lead to changes in protein metabolism, resulting in malnutrition, which is another critical element affecting wound healing. Adequate protein intake is necessary for collagen synthesis and new tissue formation. Patients with renal failure often require specialized diets and may be at risk for deficiencies that hinder their healing capacity. Additionally, renal failure can complicate the immune response. A compromised immune system can lead to increased risk of infection at the wound site, which is a major barrier to effective wound healing. Therefore, the association of renal failure with multiple detrimental factors underscores its classification as a potent comorbidity that can significantly impair wound healing compared to other listed conditions.