Certified Wound Ostomy Nurse (CWON) Practice Test

Which symptom is commonly associated with osteomyelitis?

1. Hyperemia

2. Exposed bone within the wound

3. Slough formation

4. Excessive granulation tissue

The correct answer is: Exposed bone within the wound

The presence of exposed bone within the wound is a hallmark symptom of osteomyelitis. This condition involves an infection of the bone and marrow, which can lead to necrosis and the subsequent exposure of underlying bone tissue. This symptom is particularly critical as it indicates the progression of the infection, reflecting severe tissue damage that may require surgical intervention. Observing exposed bone warrants immediate assessment and treatment to mitigate serious complications, including systemic infection or further loss of limb function. Hyperemia, slough formation, and excessive granulation tissue can be seen in various wound healing processes or infections, but they are not definitive or pathognomonic signs of osteomyelitis. Hyperemia indicates increased blood flow and inflammation but does not specifically indicate bone involvement. Slough formation typically reflects a state of healing or non-healing in a wound rather than direct involvement of the bone. Excessive granulation tissue also indicates a response to injury but is not specific to osteomyelitis, as it can occur in various chronic wounds. Therefore, these symptoms, while relevant to wound care, do not directly relate to the defining characteristics of osteomyelitis.